What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a long-term health condition. It affects how your body uses sugar (glucose) for energy. In this condition, your body does not use insulin well. Insulin is a hormone that helps move sugar from your blood into your cells. Because of this, blood sugar levels can become too high. Over time, high blood sugar can harm your heart, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. According to the CDC, type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.

Common Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

Many people with type 2 diabetes may not notice symptoms at first. However, some signs can appear over time. Early detection is important. Here are common type 2 diabetes symptoms:

Feeling very thirsty

Urinating more often than usual

Feeling very hungry, even after eating

Extreme tiredness

Blurry vision

Slow healing of cuts or wounds

Numbness or tingling in hands or feet

Unexplained weight loss

Sometimes, symptoms are mild. But, if you notice any of these signs, talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Type 2 diabetes develops when your body cannot use insulin well. As a result, sugar builds up in your blood. Several factors can increase your risk. For example, family history and lifestyle choices play a role. Here are some common risk factors:

Being overweight or obese

Having a family member with diabetes

Being over age 45

Not being physically active

Having high blood pressure

Having high cholesterol

History of gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)

Belonging to certain ethnic groups (such as African American, Hispanic, Asian American, or Native American)

Even though some risk factors cannot be changed, many can be managed with healthy habits.

How Type 2 Diabetes is Diagnosed

Doctors use simple blood tests to check for type 2 diabetes. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications. Here are common ways to confirm a type 2 diabetes diagnosis:

Fasting blood sugar test: Measures blood sugar after not eating for at least 8 hours.

A1C test: Shows your average blood sugar over the past 2–3 months.

Oral glucose tolerance test: Checks blood sugar before and after drinking a sweet liquid.

Random blood sugar test: Measures blood sugar at any time of day.

If your results are high, your doctor may repeat tests to confirm the diagnosis. Early testing is key, especially if you have risk factors.

Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes

Managing type 2 diabetes involves several steps. The main goal is to keep blood sugar in a healthy range. Treatment options for type 2 diabetes include:

Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Being physically active most days of the week

Losing extra weight, if needed

Taking oral medicines as prescribed

Using insulin, if your doctor recommends it

Checking your blood sugar regularly

Sometimes, you may need more than one treatment. But, with the right plan, many people manage type 2 diabetes well. According to the WHO, healthy lifestyle changes are the first step in treatment.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention Strategies

Although you cannot change some risk factors, you can take steps to lower your chances of getting type 2 diabetes. Preventing type 2 diabetes is possible for many people. Try these tips:

Maintain a healthy weight

Eat smaller portions and choose healthy foods

Limit sugary drinks and snacks

Be active for at least 30 minutes most days

Quit smoking, if you smoke

Get regular check-ups with your doctor

Even small changes can make a big difference. For example, losing just 5–7% of your body weight can lower your risk, says the CDC.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice symptoms of Type 2 diabetes, don’t wait. Early intervention can prevent serious complications. Visit your doctor if you:

Experience any symptoms listed above

Have risk factors for Type 2 diabetes

Are over age 45 and have not been tested

Have a family history of diabetes

Regular check-ups are crucial in catching potential problems early. Your doctor at NRR Hospital can guide you on the best steps to take for your health and well-being.

Consult a healthcare professional at NRR Hospital for personalized advice on managing or preventing Type 2 diabetes.