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Understanding PCOS: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, or PCOS, is a common health problem. It affects women of childbearing age. PCOS can cause hormone changes in the body. As a result, it may lead to irregular periods and other symptoms. According to the CDC, PCOS is one of the main causes of infertility in women. However, with the right care, many women manage PCOS well.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS symptoms can vary from person to person. Still, some signs are more common. Early detection helps with better management. Here are some symptoms to watch for:

  • Irregular or missed periods
  • Extra hair growth on the face, chest, or back (hirsutism)
  • Acne or oily skin
  • Weight gain or trouble losing weight
  • Thinning hair on the scalp
  • Dark patches of skin, often on the neck or underarms
  • Difficulty getting pregnant

    • Not every woman with PCOS has all these symptoms. But if you notice a few, it is wise to talk to your doctor.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Doctors do not know the exact cause of PCOS. Yet, several factors may play a role. For example, genetics can increase your risk. If your mother or sister has PCOS, you may be more likely to have it too. Also, high levels of insulin in the body can lead to PCOS. Insulin helps control blood sugar. When the body does not use insulin well, it makes more. This can cause the ovaries to make extra male hormones. As a result, symptoms of PCOS may appear.

    Other risk factors include:

  • Being overweight or obese
  • Family history of PCOS
  • Unhealthy lifestyle habits

    • Even so, women of any weight can develop PCOS. Therefore, it is important to know your risk.

    How is PCOS Diagnosed?

    Doctors use several steps to diagnose PCOS. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may do a physical exam. Blood tests can check hormone levels. In addition, an ultrasound may be used to look at the ovaries. According to the CDC, a diagnosis often needs at least two of these signs:

  • Irregular periods
  • Signs of high male hormones (like extra hair growth)
  • Polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound

    • Because other health problems can look like PCOS, your doctor may rule out other causes first.

    Treatment Options for PCOS

    There is no cure for PCOS, but many treatments help manage symptoms. Your doctor will suggest the best plan for you. Treatment options include:

  • Medications: Birth control pills can help regulate periods. Other medicines may reduce hair growth or acne. Some drugs help the body use insulin better.
  • Lifestyle changes: Eating a healthy diet and staying active can help manage weight. Even a small weight loss can improve symptoms. Regular exercise also lowers the risk of diabetes.
  • Fertility treatments: If you want to get pregnant, special medicines or procedures may help.

    • Because each woman is different, treatment plans may vary. Always follow your doctor’s advice for the best results.

    Prevention and Self-Care Tips

    While you cannot always prevent PCOS, healthy habits can lower your risk. For example, try these self-care tips:

  • Eat balanced meals with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
  • Stay active with regular exercise
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Get enough sleep each night
  • Manage stress through relaxation or hobbies

    • In addition, regular check-ups help catch problems early. Early care can prevent long-term health issues.

    When to See a Doctor

    If you notice signs of PCOS, don’t wait. Early treatment can make a significant difference. If you experience irregular periods, trouble getting pregnant, or other symptoms, consult a healthcare specialist. They can help you develop the right care plan tailored to your needs.

    For personalized advice and treatment options for PCOS, consult a healthcare specialist at NRR Hospital.